Matrimonio de Martín García de Loyola y la ñusta Clara Beatriz Coya. (1700) - Lima, Beatarío de Copacabana.

The Viceroyalty of Peru

Officially the viceroyalty began with the ordinance subscribed by Charles V in Barcelona, on November 20, 1542.
The viceroyalty of Peru embraced a territory that covered from Panama to Tierra del Fuego (Argentina), to exception of Venezuela and part of Brazil that belonged to Portugal.

THE VICEROY
The viceroy personalized the majesty of the King, until the grade of dressing the same dress. He was chosen among the nobility, the militia and the Spanish clergy. The king to suggestion of the Council of Indies named his vice sovereigns for four years, although his government sometimes extended for more time.
The viceroy embarked toward Peru in Seville or in San Lúcar de Barrameda, to disembark in Portobelo and then to go to Panama. From here he was to Paita to continue by land to Lima.
From 1613, the viceroys had to write their Memoirs, and before leaving to Spain they should be subjected to the “residence trial” to prove that all was correct in their acts during the public function.

THE REAL AUDIENCE OF LIMA
After the viceroy the highest authority relapsed in this group. Its main function was to establish the empire of the law and to consolidate the royal authority.
The Audience was an institution created to look for certain balance of powers, so this investigated to the state bureaucracy, beginning with the same viceroy.
The viceroyalty of Peru was composed by the following audiences:
Panama (1535), Lima (1542), Santa Fe de Bogotá (1549), Charcas (1559), Quito (1563), Chile (1609) and Buenos Aires (1661).

THE CORREGIDORS
They exercised the maximum authority in the cities, they presided over the sessions of the town council, they looked for the public order and they watched over the good handling of the municipal funds. In Peru there were corregidors from 1565 to 1784.

CORREGIMIENTOS OF PERU (XVI AND XVII CENTURIES)
Cusco, Cajamarca, Saña and Chiclayo, Arica, Collaguas, Andes de Cusco, Ica, Arequipa, Huamanga, Piura and Huancavelica.

THE INTENDENCIAS
They appear in substitution of the corregimientos, due to the abuse of the Corregidors. This took place after Túpac Amaru II rebellion, starting from 1784.

Intendencias with their respective Partido:

TRUJILLO
Piura, Saña, Chachapoyas, Cajamarca, Trujillo, Huamachuco, Pataz.

TARMA
Conchucos, Huaylas, Huamalíes, Huánuco, Cajatambo, Jauja.

LIMA
Santa, Chancay, Canta, Huarochiri, Lima, Yauyos, Cañete, Ica.

HUANCAVELICA
Taycaja, Huancavelica, Angaraes, Castrovirreyna.

HUAMANGA
Huanta, Huamanga, Anco, cangallo, Andahuaylas, Lucanas, Paranicochas.

AREQUIPA
Condesuyos, Camaná, Collaguas, Arequipa, Cailloma, Arica.

CUZCO
Urubamba, Abancay, Calca Lares, Aymaraes, Cotabambas, Cuzco, Paucartambo, Paruro, Quispicanchis, Chumbivilcas, Tinta.

PUNO
Carabaya, Lampa, Azángaro, Paucarcolla, Chucuito.

The Viceroys of Peru

Viceroys of the Habsburg House

Viceroys of the Bourbon House

Census in 1792